Assuming the readers interpretation is correct, Butzs pope jibe was at the very least a much nastier and more personal insult than I realized.]. In 1970, the Government was paying farmers $3.7 billion in subsidies, mostly as an incentive not to plant. Policy makes politics. Without conceding the criticisms against him, Butz insists that his real contribution has been in restructuring American agriculture by extending its markets abroad. This program had unsuccessfully attempted to prevent a national oversupply of corn and low corn prices. 0000058679 00000 n But by regulating supply and demand, reduction efforts restored the prices of agricultural commodities to those of the early twentieth century. http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/pager.php?id=49. The Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (P.L. [17][18], In any case, according to The Washington Post, anyone familiar with Beltway politics could "have not the tiniest doubt in [their] mind[s] as to which cabinet officer" uttered it. The United States now has commitments to supply about 25 million tons a year to the Soviet Union, Poland, Rumania, Japan and Israel. Homestead Act: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress). Library of Congress Home. Susan Demarco, one of the founders of the project says, Secretary Butz is not the friend of the family farmers; he is their funeral director. In its report, Hard Tomatoes, Hard Times. the project stated, There will be a million fewer farmers by 1980 for the same reason that there are three million fewer farmers today than in 1945because Earl Butz and company will not lift a finger to prevent it.. At the age of 17, she left her parents' home to go to Southern Europe, but only made it as far as Munich, where she was shooting nudes as a 17-year-old. 0000056005 00000 n Follow us on Congress offered nominal amounts of money to some Native Americans inhabiting land relinquished during expansion efforts that included the Land Ordinance of 1785, but sales were involuntary. 0000054304 00000 n " Earl Butz 2. Butz and the department hierarchy appear equally unconcerned over the plight of Southern poultry farmers, who have in effect become employees of the large feed processing companies. By artificially increasing demand for food, food production became more efficient and drove down the cost of food for everyone. 0000057234 00000 n Earl Butz While he was president, it was popular to be a Nixon hater. 0000040653 00000 n 0000016830 00000 n Attacks on chemical additives nitrates in bacon and diethylstilbestrol in cattle feedare the work of phony consumerists. Environmentalists who criticize pesticides and fertilizers and urge a return to organic farming would condemn hundreds of millions of people to a lingering death by malnutrition and starvation. State Department officials who meddle in agricultural policy are stripedpants boys. And Congressmen who say food prices are too high are demagogues. The first goal of every newly elected Congressman is to become a Senator. When major corruption at the grain ports first was revealed publicly early in 1975, Butz's initial reaction was to minimize it and to stress that only a small percentage of inspectors had been accused of crimes. 0000064407 00000 n In 1971, President Richard Nixon appointed him the 18th US. 0000049595 00000 n 0000064144 00000 n I've got a department full of people who know how people react out in the country. 0000049770 00000 n The Butz farm policy is one that involves risk. From February 1993. High Agriculture Department officials began refusing to answer questions relating to grain sales to Russia and to Eastern European countries, saying sareastically that the diplomats had taken over. Livestock producers, however, were caught in price squeeze as feed prices jumped. 0000042578 00000 n After the 1973 farm bill, Americans spent a lower percentage of their income on food than ever before, purchasing more calories for less money, a trend that adversely impacted the nations diet. In public he seemed to be formal, but person-to-person, he was like any of the rest of us. Before Butz, there remained a snickering tolerance among the powerful for jokes denigrating the humanity of blacks, Jews, and homosexuals. Eighteenth and nineteenth territorial expansion had tragic consequences for displaced Native American populations, and many still face the ramifications of mass removal. Earl L. Butz [21][22][23][24], In November 1977, Butz debated writer Wendell Berry at Manchester University in Manchester, Indiana. He dismantled supply management policies, selling off government storage bins . 0000060715 00000 n Increased production contributed to deforestation, higher emissions of greenhouse gases, and a greater need for fertilizer and pesticides that contaminated water sources and accumulated in the food chain. Current agricultural policy has proved this as well, as America can no longer sustain the health and environmental implications of subsidy fueled factory farms. Butz says he was notand is notan enemy of the family farm; he is against the inefficient family farm. The success of expansion-based policy became increasingly evident in the early twentieth century as American agriculture supported global markets and wartime needs. He's not on the side of farmers or consumers. [4] He was the uncle of American football player Dave Butz. You are the peacemakers! 7. Earl Butz I made lots of talks and challenged lots of people. When the conversation turned to politics, Boone, a right-wing Republican, asked Butz why the party of Lincoln was not able to attract more blacks. In the 1920s, agricultural policies destabilized supply and demand and sunk the nation into its lowest state of economic despair during the Great Depression. 0000000016 00000 n 17The threat of another depression hastened the reinstatement of crop regulation through the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, which restored financial security to farmers. It was obvious, however, that policy decisions in this area were being made at the State Department. 0000041388 00000 n 0000019559 00000 n 0000064816 00000 n Let Them Eat Ketchup In, Roberts, Paul. Ford discusses many of the painful decisions he had to make during his presidencyincluding the firing of Earl Butz. For a few years, those actions seemed like a good business decision. A year after Butz became Secretary, department officials in Des Moines, Iowa, received an unprecedented message from Washington: Sell the millions of bushels of corn being held in Government storage. So he dangled the promise of foreign trade as a panacea. By killing the supply management program, Butz would open a floodgate of cheap inputs from farms to food factories. See more from The Dust Bowl. "His policies favored large-scale corporate farming" which has damaged the family farm to this day, and arguably "led directly to overproduction of corn and a subsequent rise of obesity in the United . In the chart below, it looks like there was an unprecedented spike in corn prices in 2008. Here's How. In Iowa, bin-busting harvests gave rise to an explosion of massive concentrated-animal feedlot operations (CAFOs). A key event that drove the global adoption of the Diet-Heart hypothesis was the 1972 US Presidential election in which the incumbent Richard Nixon was confronted by a losing war in Vietnam, rising . He took off the restriction that farms had stating what they could and could not produce . Butz attempted to end. So if youre tempted to feel sorry for the guy for getting torn up by historical forces he never understood, give it a rest. naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/CAT87210025/PDF, Bittman, Mark, Dont End Agricultural Subsidies, Fix Them., United States v. Butler. Legal Information Institute. 0000068736 00000 n endstream endobj 27 0 obj<> endobj 29 0 obj<> endobj 30 0 obj<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 31 0 obj<> endobj 32 0 obj<> endobj 33 0 obj<> endobj 34 0 obj<> endobj 35 0 obj<>stream 0 Instagram, Follow us on 0000029707 00000 n Butz was furious. A publication of Hillsdale College Over 6,200,000 Readers Recent Posts Overall farm income jumped along with grain prices, from $2.3 billion in 1972 to $19.6 billion in '73. [2] He attended a one-room country school through eighth grade and graduated from high school in a class of seven. He's the kind of man I love to work with Coming back on Air Force One from campaigning in Illinois, I was having dinner with the President, just the two of us, and he said, I appreciate what you're doing for me. I said, Look, I'm not doing this for you I'm doing this for America. 0000049389 00000 n Terms of Use | Privacy Policy. The companies were allowed to defer payment for many months at no interest, and the Government stored the grain for them at no charge. 0000042057 00000 n Dr. Butz graduated from Purdue University with a B.S. Butz tells farmers that consumers are mad at them because of high retail food prices. Meet the Press with Secretary Earl L. Butz, Secretary Caspar W. Weinberger, Secretary James T. Lynn; Summary Photograph shows Lawrence Spivak (center) with guests Butz, Weinberger, and Lynn and four journalists, including James Kilpatrick and Carl Rowan (second and third from left) on the television show Meet the Press. 0000061644 00000 n While farmers scrambled to get big or get out, Butzs beloved agribusiness giants cheered. According to this reader, Butz was not commenting onPope Paulsmoresweeping opposition to artificial contraception, which rendered his narrower opposition with regard to food shortages a foregone conclusion. The department's lax supervision of the grain exporters should have been known to Butz, because in the early 1970's the entire focus of expanding agricultural trade was on grain. What readers find is that Ford did not want to fire Butz but was left with no choice. 2President Abraham Lincoln promoted expansion when he passed the Homestead Act in 1862. 0000041878 00000 n 0000044805 00000 n Earl Butz has devoted more than 20 years of his life in public and academic service: as an Assistant Secretary in the Eisenhower administration; as a professor and then a dean at one of the most distinguished universities . He died on February 2, 2008 in West Lafayette, Indiana. It also undermines my claim that Butzs remark was not anti-Catholic. 0000070488 00000 n I recognize that family-oriented news organizations like the AP and the Times do not publish words they know to be coarse and deeply insulting to particular ethnic groups, nationalities, and religions. Earl Lauer "Rusty"[1] Butz (July 3, 1909 February 2, 2008) was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The establishment of farmland allowed for urban economies to flourish and more people to live in cities, and provided both food and work for Americas rapidly expanding population. Earl Butz, 2006. What policy did he promote in 1973? 0000012251 00000 n He graduated from Purdue University in West Lafayette in 1932. Nixons Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz favored increased agricultural exports, and allowed the grain trading companies to continue to receive subsidies on the price and transportation of the Russian grain stocks to seaports. After Butz had regaled his travel companions with a dirty joke involving a dog fucking a skunk, Pat Boone asked him about why more blacks weren't voting Republican. 0000008094 00000 n 0000029636 00000 n Anyone can read what you share. Perhaps the most widely shared gripe with Earl Butz is that of the food shoppers, over the skyrocketing prices of food. Finally, when some of the grain giants could not get enough wheat on the open market at prices they wanted to pay, the Agriculture Department sold them millions of bushels from Government stocks. He wouldn't embarrass a Cabinet member. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Homestead.html, The Library of Congress. Just as this imbalance proved unsustainable in the 1920s, Nixons philosophy of expansion, still implemented today, presented its own health, economic, and environmental crises. 0000049017 00000 n On June 19, he was sentenced to five years in prison. 0000060185 00000 n . [3] Butz issued a statement saying that he had not "intended to impugn the motives or the integrity of any religious group, ethnic group or religious leader. Butz famously urged farmers to plant fence row to fence row, and told them to adapt or die. 23The farm bill succeeded in lowering food prices as intended, but it reinstated a new era of imbalanced supply and demand. 0000052925 00000 n Republican Senators in Kansas and Oklahoma warned President Ford's political advisers that they had better do something to prevent losing traditional G.O.P. Harvest failures came repeatedly and were usually severe. Dont worry about overproduction, Butz told farmers on trips through the Midwest. 0000044615 00000 n The successes and failures of each installation of land and agricultural policy emphasize the understated influence each wave of policy has extended over American welfare. 0000051487 00000 n He was a bigot and, even then, at 66, not a young man. When prices threatened to go too high, the payments would end and the land would go back into cultivation. Congressional investigators established that, in the massive 1972 grain sales to Russia, the Agriculture Department did not inform farmers about the pending sales and permitted the few large grain exporters handling the sales secretly to buy up huge supplies in the commodity markets at favorable prices. This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. But Butz did forcefully equate the interests of agribusiness with the national interest. As usual, the country dealers and farmers of Iowa got the short end of the stick, says former Iowa Senator Harold Hughes. 0000063118 00000 n Popular among farmers, he was known for creating new free-market policies in American agriculture. 1999-2023 Grist Magazine, Inc. All rights reserved. 0000042400 00000 n xref The smarter ones were even learning, albeit more slowly, not to believe such things. 0000041223 00000 n Help us continue to bring you the best of the archives without the dust! In 1973, Nixon's agricultural secretary, Earl Butz, oversaw a change in the philosophy of the U.S. farm program. Under the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act, Roosevelt passed the inaugural farm bill, which subsidized farmers to limit their production. While conservatives have consistently pushed more aggressive, pro-agribusiness policies, liberals have often responded with pro-agribusiness policies of their own, even when that meant undermining their own natural allies: small and mid-sized farmers, farm workers, rural minority . Moreover, the department paid hundreds of millions of dollars in subsidies on the sales, enabling the companies to make additional profits and to keep the price to the Russians unrealistically low. One of his aides calls him an encyclopedia of funny stories, many of which, naturally, have to do with farmers; such as: I saw this farmer, and I asked him, What's your hobby? He said, Farming. I said, What would you do if you inherited a million dollars? He said, I'd keep on farming as long as the money lasted. His jokes have occasionally gotten him into troublelike the one in which he ridiculed the Pope's stand against artificial birth control by saying: He no playa da game; he no makea da rules. The remark brought a storm of protest from Catholics and ItalianAmericans, and resulted in one of Butz's rare apologies. Later, the firms sold the corn at more than double what they had paid for it. Nixon plucked Butz out of Purdues agriculture department and planted him in the USDA in 1971. It's three things: first, a tight pussy; second, loose shoes; and third, a warm place to shit. The Land Ordinance of 1785 required states and Native Americans to cede land west of the Appalachian Mountains to Congress, who parceled it into townships of six miles square, and proceed to sell the townships, or fractional parts of townships at public venue. 1The act settled farmland, but high land prices prohibited many from venturing west. He also came up with a weakly worded proposal to Congress to strengthen criminal penalties and minimize conflict of interest in inspection agencies, some of which had been owned by the same grain firms whose products they inspected. Butz had helped to arrange that sale in the hope of giving a boost to crop prices to bring restive farmers tempted to vote for George McGovern into the Republican fold.[10]. why was it used? After Butzwell, the jokes about gays limped along for awhile, but it finally sank in that racism and anti-Semitism would seldom be tolerated, even in private. They know that when you punch in a woman's girdle in one place, it's going to pop out someplace else. That's the way Butz talks, lacing his speech with vivid and earthy images; when he is among farmers, he drops his g's and talks about plantin and plowin', and he tells them that he can still feel the spot on his back where the plow straps once dug into his skin. " Sometimes my quotes may be too colorful. 0000048246 00000 n Documents From the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789 . American Memory from the Library of Congress . Although Butz publicly emphasizes that the United States cannot and should not use what he, at the same time, frankly calls agripower as a weapon, he is fond of noting that Rumanian Agriculture Minister Miculescu once told him: You've got a weapon more powerful than the atom bomb: you've got soybeans. Butz took two days off from chairing the Rome World Food Conference two years ago and went to Cairo with a little wheat in my pocket They had the red carpet out for me there. HV6}W\]l]E6 T@>m3D;6d6}X"9s/~=[*W/2*" ss(vKr>WuPaX@Y6%PWAyR +u] ?`]_E(,a(i Between 1971 and 1972, crop failure in the Soviet Union lead the country to purchase nearly 25% of Americas wheat. [26][27], On May 22, 1981, Butz pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion charges for having under-reported income he earned in 1978. [19] The quotation was among the inspirations behind the comedy film Loose Shoes, particularly the sketch "Dark Town After Dark", made in 1977 but released in 1980. I tried to interview him last fall for Grists Sow What? Butz has passed on, but fence-row-to-fence-row agriculture and its vast environmental footprint lives. S]?r@ 0000059437 00000 n But if youd like to know precisely what those two jokes were, youre out of luck. The October 18, 1976, issue of Time reported the comment while obscuring its vulgarity:[13]. "[11] Through a spokesman, he stated that media outlets had taken this portion of his statement out of their original context, which was that of retelling a joke. Out of the unsettling agricultural and economic events of 1972, the beginnings of a robust agricultural monitoring program were born. allowing/demanding more to be grown what is the fertilizer they used? [28], Butz continued to serve on corporate boards and speak on agricultural policy. Earl Butz I challenged things that needed to be challenged at Purdue. 0000009377 00000 n During the 60s, livestock, rather than people, became the main consumers of American grain. Philpott describes farm policy from the 1930s until Butz as a sort of Nirvana for both farmers and consumers, as it paid farmers not to farm and kept corn prices high. 0000056798 00000 n He wouldn't embarrass a Cabinet member. The Lubbock Avalanche-Journal said the original statement was available in the newspaper office; more than 200 stopped by to read it. He wanted all this done without fanfare but lost control when Federal Reserve Chairman Arthur Burns predicted the sales would drive American food prices higher. The obituaries for Earl Butz who went to his reward Feb. 2 at the enviable age of 98all note that he will be remembered less for his accomplishments as Agriculture secretary under Presidents. The abundancy associated with land expansion policies remained intrinsic to the nations success through World War I, as America provided for the home front and the allied nations. The biggest single sale of wheat by the Government in history60 million bushelsoccurred on Aug. 31, 1972, to Continental Grain Company, one of the firms deal. 0000046066 00000 n In 1976, just weeks before a tight presidential election, he left the USDA in disgrace after making a stunningly crude racist remark. An increasingly consolidated meat industry learned to transform cheap grain into cheap but highly profitable burgers, chops, and chicken nuggets. In order to profitably mass-produce convenience fare for a growing middle class, the food industry needed unchecked access to cheap inputs. Butz resigned within days, saying that "the use of a bad racial commentary in no way reflects my real attitude." Earl Lauer Butz was born on a farm near Albion, Ind., on July 3, 1909, and grew up guiding horse-drawn plows. 0000009125 00000 n But Butz is more interested in private trade (which usually means trade by a halfdozen large grain companies) and cash sales than in humanitarian giveaways, a view that has led to charges that he is oblivious to world hunger. Author: Earl L. Butz The American Food Machine and Private Entrepreneurship Earl L. Butz | December 1977 The modern American Food Machine is perhaps the greatest single source of strength undergirding the unparalleled level of American living. In his time heading the USDA, Butz revolutionized federal agricultural policy and reengineered many New Deal era farm support programs. In lean years say, when drought struck the government would release some of that stored grain, mitigating sudden price hikes. this enabled the farm kids to do what? As the scandal spread to include nearly all the major grain companies, and as it became clear that it was the conflictridden inspection system that was the cause, Butz changed course. 0000045878 00000 n 0000005254 00000 n 25 The rise of factory farms that grew specialized crops subsidized by the government presented environmental troubles as well. You Are What You Grow.. In addition, consumer food prices jumped. BY TAKA YAMAGUCHI In 1976, then-U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz coined the now infamous phrase, "food is a weapon.". Earl Lauer "Rusty" Butz (July 3, 1909 - February 2, 2008) was a United States government official who served as Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. [4] In 1968, he was promoted to the positions of Dean of Education and vice president of the university's research foundation. In 1932, at the Federal Farm Boards urging, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt adopted a new approach to agricultural policy designed to restore crop prices by regulating supply and demand. analyzed the issue of executive immunity in terms of general policy considerations, and stated its conclusion, quoted supra, in the same universal terms. Butzs great policy change had given rise to the deepest rural crisis since the Depression. And Brunthaver has since returned to Cook. 0000053931 00000 n America's total grain production of 242 million tons in 1975 represented an increase of 81 million tons from what it was in 1961. Get big or get out, he routinely thundered. http://millercenter.org/president/monroe/essays/biography/8. Others bowdlerized the quote, in some cases replacing the female genital reference with "a tight [obscenity]" and the scatological reference with "a warm place to [vulgarism]" or "warm toilet seats". QB&qGN(>[:#u*@uE(RMkc'-b!zkxyzh+i2kGCvF7X-8S @Z635U5=TX7>*{7rV@9ia":{ VTLpGs8ph-{H ;ZI'}KVG;(aS0"&c~Q[Bb;,I>q0Tj#TR=N8nqvEuYJc]}Lh*$SEPavX":7I$+* $GyYAjL_4&-ttt4`z4(%]O1%D|Ar {7}sa8y-(]1&$Pr~kLd" >t(. 0000062821 00000 n 0000062082 00000 n Earl Butz stayed on as Secretary of Agriculture after Nixon was impeached and engineered legislation sharply reducing federal subsidies for farmers. The "Great Grain Robbery" was not really a robbery, but it was a major turning point in the history of agricultural monitoring.. American land policy began in the wake of the Revolutionary War, designed to bolster agricultural production to support the expanding nation. Some world food organizations are concerned, not only because of American fuzziness at Rome but also because of the tendency of the United States to sign longterm supply agreements with people who pay cash for grain. After the Great Depression which featured the stunning confluence of huge grain surpluses, widespread hunger, and a tide of farm failures the Roosevelt Administration put in place mechanisms to help farmers manage supply.. Harvests gave rise to an explosion of massive concentrated-animal feedlot operations ( CAFOs ) the Continental Congress and the would. He attended a one-room country school through eighth grade and graduated from high in... A growing middle class, the country brought a storm of protest from Catholics and ItalianAmericans, and.! Interests of agribusiness with the national interest slowly, not a young man federal agricultural policy are stripedpants boys were! He died on February 2, 2008 in West Lafayette in 1932, were caught in squeeze... 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