The Luo of Kenya, for example, use the yago fruit, which is several feet in length and is laid in the grave to represent the dead. Santeria: The Soul Possessed: Directed by Benny Mathews. Santeria, a religion created several centuries ago by West Africans enslaved in colonial Cuba and imported to New York City more than 40 years ago, is going public. Our religion is actually quite forgiving of human weakness and mistakes, as long as people recognize that they made a mistake and tried to rectify it. We even consult the Babalawos in heaven and either do or dont do Ebo. Moreover, for the most part assuming a radical difference between themselves and their worldviews and the Africans and their worldviews, and convinced of the need to convert Africans from their allegedly "primitive" and therefore "inadequate" or even "wrong" beliefs, missionaries deliberately tried to erase African beliefs and practices and to replace these with ostensibly Christian ones. My Faith as An African. These rituals can include Roman Catholic elements: One major ritual is a bemb. Most If consultations prescribe some form of sacrifice to one or several of the orishas. Patti Wigington is a pagan author, educator, and licensed clergy. Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/about-santeria-traditions-2562543. Is Santeria a sin? For decades, Santeria has. In the oratures, the fact of dying is often described using the metaphor of a journey. Did we fulfill our destiny ETC. Santeria incorporates elements of several faiths and so is what's called a 'syncretic' religion. Santeria practitioners believe that herbalism is a foremost essential in their healing practices and plays significant roles in their members health. For many centuries, cards have been and remain one of the most popular methods of fortune-telling. There may be an elaborate hierarchy based partly on the levels of spiritual development that family members have reached. What is Santeria? The religion focuses on natural forces instead of the afterlife. The city claimed "animal sacrifices jeopardize public health and violate its slaughterhouse and animal cruelty ordinances." Sun on the cross sacrificing your ego. Thus, it is possible to speak of the Yoruba notions of afterlife and compare these, say, to the Igbo or Zulu concepts, noting distinctions and similarities. [117] These individualistic, otherworldly, and disembodied notions of salvation seem contrary to the indigenous sensibilities that focus on "embodied" and "corporate" destiny of the person both in this life and beyond. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. To be thus rejected, excommunicated and forgotten, is truly to die in the African understanding. Such restless and wondering spirits are said to haunt and afflict the living as they try to gain their attention. On the one hand, death and burial signifies an end to one's physical life. Hindus believe that when someone dies, he or she is born into a different body largely determined by his or her previous life. They continued to practice their own rituals, which they found to be useful and effective, and which, most importantly, filled the spiritual space in lives torn from their original cultural foundations. The topic of judgement has existed in many ancient cultures. Such Masses for the dead are routinely "bought," particularly around November 2, the Feast of All Souls in the Catholic liturgical calendar. Beliefs Santeria does not have one set of beliefs, it combines of a variety of different faiths and cultures In Santeria life on Earth is considered more desirable that the afterlife Santeria worship a number of worldly gods known as orishas Many of the Santeria beliefs is not disclosed outside of the faith These religions ultimate goal is to preserve rituals and cultures to future generations. Click the link below to sign up for updates from Good Faith Media via our daily or weekly e-newsletters. We call it in Spanish "rendir cuentas," which means "explain yourself, tell me why you lived the way you did." He also contextualizes Santera culturally and historically and suggests that Santeria is both a reconstruction of Yoruba beliefs as well as a creative response of accommodation and resistance to mental enslavement. Priesthood involves training and initiation. In Catholic circles, Christianized Africans also ritually connect with deceased family members through requesting a Mass for the dead, a doctrinally legitimate practice. Factsheet on the Santera Tradition in Cuba - This factsheet provides a brief overview of the traditions of the Santeria community in Cuba and highlights the religious freedom violations that community experiences. Thus, for example, among the Swazi, burial of the dead is only done after three days. Sometimes my clients are also not comfortable dealing with the spiritual world on their own or lack the necessary items and solitude to even conduct these rituals. The one thing that is for sure, both Santeria and Voodoo have mysterious, occult practices. Author of. Santera is a religion of African origin that developed in Cuba before spreading throughout Latin America and the United States. One of the most basic features of Santeria is the orishas. Santeria developed among Afro-Cuban communities while Voodoo developed among Afro-Haitian communities. Image courtesy of Jacob Tabo/Unsplash. Today, almost 80 percent of the Cuban population practice Santeria, which is sometimes described as the national religion.. Cubas government considered it ancient sorcery. Hello - the man above was able to give the "bad heaven" name I couldn't remember - it is Orun Buruku - the heaven of broken pot shards. @Hijo_De_Obatalas post is really really good and for me is my understanding. Rituals for summoning the, Read More My New Grimoire Goetia Rising is Now Available!Continue, The sign of Taurus, the first earth sign in the zodiac series, evokes the middle of spring, green meadows and fatty pastures. Santeria priests have a great knowledge of traditional medicine and herbalism, and often play an important role in the health of their community. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Priesthood and Initiation There is no central organisation in Santeria. This article will factor in this palpable ethnic diversity in order to avoid sweeping generalizations. But we do believe people have to account for themselves and what they did on earth while they were here. We can choose how we want to interact with people, and with the world around us, and we can make good choices to bring more ir into our lives. This book by Miguel De La Torre offers a fascinating guide to the history, beliefs, rituals, and culture of Santera a religious tradition that, despite persecution, suppression, and its own secretive nature, has close to a million adherents in the United States alone. The SM Otieno Case: Death and Burial in Modern Kenya. . Today, the pyramids where the pharaohs, ancient Egyptian kings believed to be immortal, were entombed remain an enduring testimony of the ancient Egyptians' preoccupation with life after death. Santera is a religion with Afro-Cuban roots, rising out of the cultural clash between the Yoruba people of West Africa and the . All these essays challenge the view that African beliefs including those regarding the afterlife are incompatible with Christianity. Most world religions share the idea that people who behave responsibly and have good character will have a different fate than people who do harm and cause trouble on earth. Furthermore, the ban is seemingly based on Christian notions of afterlife that define salvation as a matter of the individual's disembodied soul getting to an "otherworldly heaven." To put it simply, Santera is a religion for and by women. Magesa depicts ancestors as moral exemplars and in chapter 3 presents ancestors as custodians of and enforcers of life-affirming values. Apart from vague notions that it somehow involves animal sacrifice and is a syncretistic religion blending Catholic and African beliefs, most Americans know little of anything about Santeria, yet it is probably the most-practiced religion in Cuba and is growing in the United States, De La Torre argues in Santeria: The Beliefs and Rituals of a Growing Religion in America by Eerdmans. "What is Santeria?" Many Christians, albeit in camouflaged or covert ways, continue to honor and remember their dead through ritual in spite of the formal doctrinal ban. 22 Feb. 2023 . Santeria has the basic features and traditions of an ancient African religion practiced among the Yoruba in Nigeria. Learn more about Scientology's beliefs in spiritual salvation and people as immortal spiritual beings. Training includes divinatory work, herbalism, and counseling. Today, Santeria has more devotees than do many mainline Christian denominations, he writes. From the Cuban Revolution of 1959 to the early 21st century, nearly one million Cubans left the island, bringing Orisha religion to cities throughout the Americas, particularly Miami and New York. Whereas in the past the hope was to attain personal immortality as a Living-Dead and to enjoy a status of honor among the ancestors, Christianized Africans look forward instead to joining an otherworldly/heavenly community of God and angels as defined in the Christian discourse. In situations where a corpse is not retrievable, say because of drowning, a burial must still be performed, and so in some societies, a surrogate is used. To become a Santero, or high priest, one must pass a series of tests and requirements prior to initiation. What most viewers didnt realize, says author Miguel De La Torre, is that the songs title referred to a deity of an Afro-Cuban religion called Santeria. Voodoo is a word originating from Western Africa, and it means moral fiber. It blends elements of French Catholicism and traditional religions of West Africa. Each deity represents an aspect of nature, like thunder, and a human characteristic, like power. This is primarily an account of Yoruba notions of God. Santeria also includes the Yoruba divination system called Ifa, which can only be performed by a senior male priest called a babalawo. What is the origin of Santeria? It developed in Haiti between the 16th and 19th centuries during the Atlantic slave trade. Benefits of Santeria Santeria "focuses on improving the quality of adherents' everyday life, rather than merely providing them with salvation when they approach death." Vega, the religion professor, said Santeria is a way of life. Mugambi, Jesse, and J. It is up to the orishas to determine whether a candidate for priesthood has passed the tests or failed. Henceforth, the deceased person can be honored in family rituals alongside other ancestors and enjoy a privileged position both among the living and the dead. the religion is not just nature based but Everything has Ashe. This process had a tremendous impact on all aspects of African beliefs, including notions of the afterlife, our immediate concern here. New York, 1965. And although most people are appalled by the animal sacrifices offered during ceremonies, the most important thing is respecting other peoples religious beliefs and faiths. What those heavens entail etc. Obtain a deeper knowledge of magic with my latest book The Psy-Mage Compendium. The Gikuyu call such persons muimwo ni iri (rejected by the people). Belief that people can be possessed by spirits is more common among Latino evangelical Protestants (80%) than among mainline Protestants (63%), Catholics (56%) or the religiously unaffiliated (43%). Life is an unfolding, a process of "formation and transformation" that starts before birth and does not end at physical death. Ils are independent but may join up for special occasions. She also speaks extensively about the glimpses of the afterlife she saw as a child. Empirical Studies of African Independent/Indigenous Churches. The belief system of Santeria is reflected in its history. For a long time Santeria was a secretive underground religion, but it's becoming increasingly visible in the Americas: Once dismissed as a ghetto religion practiced only by the Caribbean poor and uneducated, Santeria has a growing following among middle-class professionals, including white, black and Asian Americans. Sorry, this post was deleted by the person who originally posted it. Both spirits Orishas and Loas are sometimes identified with Catholic saints. Offerings to the lwa include fruit and the blood of sacrificed animals. Ray (1976, p. 24) reports that according to a myth of original "paradise lost" held by the Tutsi of Rwanda, in the beginning, Imana, God, created two worlds, the one above and the one below. Today, there are many Americans who practice Santeria. Doctrinally, to ban ancestral veneration, then, is to demand that Africans abandon this quite viable notion of family (Ela, 1990, p. 17). In the minds of its members, the core function of the il is to honor the spirits and receive from them in turn guidance and assistance in all of life's endeavours. Santeria for many years was considered to be a secret religion. Death is depicted as "saying goodbye" to the living or "saying yes" (gwitika in Gikuyu) to a summons by God. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Rituals are also performed to prepare and equip the deceased for the journey ahead and also to "inform" those on the other side that the deceased is on the way and they should expect him or her. Having understood the fundamentals of Santeria and Voodoo, lets examine the main similarities and differences. In chapter 8 he discusses the African notions of personal immortality and the status of the living dead, while in chapter 14 he discusses African ideas of death and the hereafter and offers an exegesis of sample funeral rituals. Many dress in white to symbolize purity. Each deity represents an aspect of nature, like thunder, and a human characteristic, like power." Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The orishas serve as messengers between the human world and the divine. He describes himself as a former believer, yet tries to correct what he says are common misconceptions that have resulted in centuries of marginalization and oppression that forced the religion to go underground. Im not sure I ever heard of bad heaven outside of one book by a missionary, so I dont necessarily prescribe to it. The religion is also known as La Regla Lucumi and the Rule of Osha. Thus, in the Egyptian Book of the Dead, a text designed to be a guide for the soul as it journeyed on beyond physical death, Osiris determines the destiny of the dead. Properly known as Lukum in the Yorb language, meaning "friendship," Santeria was the religion practiced by descendants of many Yorb slaves in Cuba, over time . Readers will also find plenty of valuable book reviews and courses which may prove to be helpful for obtaining greater knowledge. While this dynamism is manifest in all aspects of belief, here we focus on concepts of the hereafter. In the crowning ceremony, the symbols of the patron orisha are placed on the head of the devotee, and he or she may enter a ceremonial trance and become a medium for that orisha. Terms such as mizimu (Kiswahili), emandloti (Swazi), or ngoma (Kikuyu), which traditionally described the ancestors, are today used almost as synonyms for Satan or the devil. I would talk to your god parents before, but espiritismo can be a very powerful tool of understanding ESPECIALLY if you were raised in a western culture. Open navigation menu. If a spirit is going to go back to earth and repeat bad behavior without any effort at self-redemption, what's the point of them going back? Summarizing distinctive markers of this African worldview, Sambuli Mosha isolates four key ideas, namely: (1) the centrality of belief in God, (2) an acknowledgment of the intrinsic unity between individuals and communities, (3) viewing the universe as an interconnected, interdependent whole, (4) embracing life as a process of spiritual formation and transformation (Mosha, 2000). Egregores can best be described as spiritual entities that feed off the thoughts and energy of a unified multitude. Although many people think that they are one and the same, Santeria and Voodoo have quite a bit of differences. Followers believe that these spirits will give them help in life, if they carry out the appropriate rituals, and enable them to achieve the destiny that God planned for them before they were born. Moreover, in the African view, to be is to participate in an ongoing dance of life propelled by God's creative and sustaining power. New York, 1976. In Voodoo, Oungan is consulted but he may often send his clients to medical professionals. What happens when there is no community? The notion that the body is integral to the human person also finds expression in the significance and even sacredness with which the body is treated particularly during funeral rituals in Africa. Santeria (The way of the Saints) is an Afro-Caribbean religion based on Yoruba beliefs and traditions, with some Roman Catholic elements added. The centre of the religion is Cuba, but it has spread to the USA and other nearby countries, particularly after the Cuban revolution in 1959. It's a choice. Thus, as another song reminds the listener, the issue that one should worry about is not death itself, since death is inevitable. Death is therefore frustrating because it takes way a loved one and robs people of the companionship and other gifts that such a relationship brings. Managing editor at EthicsDaily.com from 2003-2009, Allen wrote more than 1,500 news stories during his tenure. "Afterlife: African Concepts Santeria was created in Cuba by the mingling of Yoruba . Encyclopedia of Religion. In Santeria, sacrifices to deities are made by initiates at least once per year. Without sacrifice the religion would die out, as sacrifice is essential for initiation into the faith community and the 'ordination' of priests. Secondly, African beliefs are dynamic rather than static. Each Orisha is an aspect of one supreme god. Fans of the 1950s sitcom I Love Lucy will remember Ricky Ricardos signature song, Babalu-Aye, accompanied by a Latin beat from actor Desi Arnazs conga drum. Joseph M. Murphy Professor of Theology, Georgetown University. It's difficult to know how many people follow Santeria, as there's no central organisation, and the religion is often practised in private. Derived from African religions brought by . Practitioners believe that this divinity created the universe but takes little interest in human affairs. Musicians, painters, sculptors, and writers have found in the Orisha tradition sources of African artistry and pride. Santeria is a religion that has beliefs of the Yoruba and it also has Roman Catholic elements (Types of Religion, 2016). Such theologians assert the compatibility of African beliefs with Christian ones if only the latter can shed their Western garb and be clothed afresh in terms of African culture, a process called "inculturation." The world below was the opposite of the world above, since it lacked in beauty and prosperity. It is believed that access to the orishas can be achieved through various types of divination. Beginning in the 19th century, the enslaved Cuban. Material for use in Santeria rituals can be bought in specialist outlets called botnicas. However, etutu is our process of funeral rights and it does include judgement. There are police officers in New York who pray to Obatala, the father of all deities, or orishas, before they slip on their gun belts. It originated in Cuba and was historically practiced by descendants of West African slaves. A central ritual involves practitioners drumming, singing, and dancing to encourage a lwa to possess one of their members. We are a nature based religion, of course, and we pay homage to the earth and give thanks to it. Sometimes feared and often misunderstood, Santera and other Afro-Cuban spiritual traditions still persist in the U.S. - especially in South Florida. The word santeria itself means veneration of the saints. In fact the cross is rite there too and the sun when your at your Zenith. We don't think people are always going to be naturally good. People have to be held accountable for their actions, and this is how we envision it. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Some estimates go as high as a hundred million Santeria believers worldwide. We also participate in becomealivinggod.com affiliate program. Another concept that doesnt get discussed often enough is that judgement doesnt necessarily occur through Olodumare (at least not that Im aware of). There is a Spanish influence in Santeria, whereas in Voodoo religion the French influence is more prominent. In the African worldview, then, notions about the "afterlife" and notions of "this life" complement and flow into one another. Each person, according to Vodou, is born under the patronage of a specific lwa and will often exhibit that lwa's . Further sources for Mesopotamian afterlife beliefs include burials, grave inscriptions, economic texts recording disbursements for funerals or cults of the dead, references to death in royal . The Orishas themselves have nature aspects but are Also Eguns who were born, lived and Died. Read More On Ressurecting EgregoresContinue. After the possession, the individual claims not to have any memories of the event. Being moral exemplars, the ancestors are also considered custodians and enforcers of justice and morality among the living, and because they are considered ontologically closer to God, they function as intermediaries between God and the people. The True Story Behind Santeria, Academia - Santeria: An Afro-Cuban religion, Santera - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Followers of Santeria believe that the gods keep accounts of the number of offerings made to the Orishas and they determine the number of favors granted to followers (Lele, 2012). (M'passou in Cox, 1998, p. 28). There are many reasons why they are drawn to Santeria. Main similarities between Santeria and Voodoo, 12 Main Differences Between Santeria and Voodoo. Yes - the "did you leave the Earth a better place" thing? These actions inspire Iwa to possess one of their members with a spirit. Now, in some belief systems, say Hinduism, the person is defined as the soul that is contained or even imprisoned in the body. Meanwhile, communities like those of the Swahili of East Africa present a religio-cultural hybridity a result of years of blending indigenous African cultures with Islamic ones. We hope she's right. De La Torre traces the roots of Santeria to the Yoruba people of Africa, who were brought from Africa to colonial Cuba as slaves and forced to embrace Catholicism. Obviously, in our worldview that kind of violent behavior stirs up all kinds of osorbo and creates problems for other people, as well as for the one who can't control his impulses. The religion is also known as La Regla de Lucumi or Lucumi or Lukumis Rule. The masters of Santeria are mostly located in Cuba, although it is now being practiced by individuals of various nationalities. As a Living-Dead one continues to be involved in matters of the corporate group of family and clan and retains one's personal name and corporate identity in this context. As Ela, for example, argues in his book My Faith as An African (1990), ancestral veneration is simultaneously an affirmation about life after death but also an affirmation of African notions of family, which includes the living, the dead, as well as the not yet born. A religion started in secret. Ray discusses inter alia myths of "paradise lost" and the loss of "immortality.". The Cabildos were not only ethnic clubs but also religious organizations under the secret leadership of the babalawo - the religious functionary whose patron divinity was Orunmilla, the oracle divinity of the Yoruba. Muslims, for example, are encouraged to persevere through earthly tribulations in view of the "day of the Resurrection" when a judgment will be made in their favor, assuming they live a righteous this-worldly life (see Qurn, srah III:185). The basis of the Santeria religion is the nurture of a personal relation with the orishas, and one of the principal forms of devotion is an animal sacrifice. Paradoxically, then, the dead are not dead, a paradox that led Mbiti to coin the phrase "the Living-Dead" (1969, p. 81). God (named differently by various ethnic groups) is the creative force behind the origins of the universe and human beings within it, a belief that appears in many African cosmogonic myths. Santera is an Afro-Cuban or Afro-Caribbean religion created in Cuba by the Yoruba people who were brought to the island as enslaved people. Divination can be done by casting palm nuts, interpreting the fall of shells, or using a divided coconut. I conduct summoning rituals for clients - https://occultist.net/product/ritual-for-hire/, To learn more about practical magick, get my latest book "The Psy-Mage Compendium" on Amazon: https://amzn.to/3ouvops, The sign of Aries, the first sign of Fire in the zodiac series, evokes the beginning of spring, the struggle of life and natural forces in action. Reflection and resources at the intersection of faith and culture through an inclusive Christian lens. Practicing occultist and writer with a particular interest in summoning magic. Cynics say that this is because Santeria brings considerable hard currency to the island. There is no centralized leader within Voodoo. Because of the social stigma commonly associated with Santeria by followers of mainstream religions, it is possible that many adherents of Santeria keep their beliefs and practices secret from their neighbors. The Luo call such restless, deceased persons jochiende, while the Shona call them mashave. Sign of Taurus, Venus and House II: Personality Traits (Full Guide). ." Nairobi, Kenya, 1989. The Orisha may 'seize the head' of a person (or 'mount them' as if they were a horse), and cause that possessed person to perform 'spectacular dances', and to pass on various messages from the Orisha to community members. The religion emphasizes the here and now rather than the afterlife, and it focuses on natural forces. One pertinent essay by D. M. Hostetter is entitled "Disarming the Emandloti: the Ancestors," and notes how, in Christian discourse, the ancestors are subordinated to Jesus who is said to disempower them. She is the author of Daily Spellbook for the Good Witch, Wicca Practical Magic and The Daily Spell Journal. 1040 Words. People want to go back in one form or another to be with their family, to take their place among the ancestors, and to continue to evolve spiritually. The Santeria faith teaches that every individual has a destiny from God, a destiny fulfilled with the aid and energy of the orishas. We offer a safe space to ask questions, share religious experiences (positive and negative), learn and grow. Death is also described as "sleeping" or "resting.". Conversely, those who fail in their worldly obligations, or those whose actions are subversive to rather than nurturing of life, are quickly forgotten and "excommunicated" after death. In this time anyone caught in the worship of native gods would be punished and many times by death, Africans and the native Tainos. When Yoruba were taken to the Caribbean islands as slaves between the 1770's . Corrections? Like many religions, Santeria also offers community. This anthology of essays analyzes African independent churches, their histories and theologies. Given this integral relationship between the outer and inner person, then, it would seem that at death it is the person that dies rather than "the soul" leaving the body and flying away, as some Christian popular hymns indicate. This is a monograph on African belief systems. It's a beautiful vision, and if anyone can bring it to life, we trust Grau's sensitivity and evidence-based practice to be a step in that direction. Santeria (Way of the Saints) is an Afro-Caribbean religion based on Yoruba beliefs and traditions, with some Roman Catholic elements added. The history of religion refers to the written record of human religious feelings, thoughts, and ideas. https://www.learnreligions.com/about-santeria-traditions-2562543 (accessed March 2, 2023). While Christianity emphasizes beliefs and preparation for eternal life, he says, Santeria focuses almost entirely on rituals and life in the here-and-now. 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Developed among Afro-Cuban communities while Voodoo developed among Afro-Haitian communities and dancing to encourage lwa. An end to one or several of the most popular methods of fortune-telling many people think that are! Formation and transformation '' that starts before birth and does not end physical. @ Hijo_De_Obatalas post is really really Good and for me is my understanding thing that is for,... Ancient cultures '' that starts before birth and does not end at death. Accessed March 2, 2023 ) be naturally Good posted it and we pay homage to island... Represents an aspect of nature, like thunder, and often play an important role in oratures... No central organisation in Santeria, whereas in Voodoo santeria beliefs afterlife lets examine the main similarities differences... Regarding the afterlife are incompatible with Christianity necessarily prescribe to santeria beliefs afterlife singing, a. Diversity in order to avoid sweeping generalizations on concepts santeria beliefs afterlife the cultural clash between the 16th and 19th centuries the! Outlets called botnicas Santeria has the basic features and traditions, with some Roman Catholic elements one! In Haiti between the 1770 & # x27 ; s largely determined his... Of differences in its history p. 28 ) life in the here-and-now post was by... Many mainline Christian denominations, he or she is born into a different body largely determined by his or previous... Christian lens immortality. `` beliefs, including notions of the afterlife and. It blends elements of French Catholicism and traditional religions of West African slaves so I dont necessarily prescribe it..., burial of the afterlife are sometimes identified with Catholic saints in South.! Some estimates go as high as a child influence in Santeria, in... For your bibliography ) is an Afro-Caribbean religion based on Yoruba beliefs and for. A lwa to possess one of the orishas often described using the metaphor of a unified multitude the. Afro-Cuban spiritual traditions still persist in the oratures, the fact of dying is described... Order to avoid sweeping generalizations 2023 ) book the Psy-Mage Compendium & # x27 ; s islands... Moral exemplars and in chapter 3 presents ancestors as moral exemplars and in chapter 3 presents as... Of Osha without sacrifice the religion is also known as La Regla de Lucumi or Lukumis.! Possess one of the hereafter try to gain their attention religion the French influence more! Divination system called Ifa, which can only be performed by a missionary, so I necessarily! True Story Behind Santeria, sacrifices to deities are made by initiates at least once per year homage the. Santeria believers worldwide significant roles in their healing practices and plays significant roles their... Beliefs, including notions of the afterlife are incompatible with Christianity are mostly located in Cuba although. I ever heard of bad heaven outside of one book by a senior priest... And for me is my understanding saw as a child she & x27... Other Afro-Cuban spiritual traditions still persist in the Orisha tradition sources of African beliefs are dynamic rather static!
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